System.NullReferenceException

Because the language specification expects an expression of type System.Exception there (therefore, null is a valid in that context) and doesn't restrict this expression to be non-null. In general, there's no way it could detect whether the value of that expression is null or not. It would have to solve the halting problem. The runtime will have to deal with the null case anyway. See:

Exception ex = null;
if (conditionThatDependsOnSomeInput) 
    ex = new Exception();
throw ex; 

They could, of course, make the specific case of throwing the null literal invalid but that wouldn't help much, so why waste specification space and reduce consistency for little benefit?

_{Disclaimer (before I get slapped by Eric Lippert): This is my own speculation about the reasoning behind this design decision. Of course, I haven't been in the design meeting ;)}

The answer to your second question, whether an expression variable caught within a catch clause can ever be null: While the C# specification is silent about whether other languages can cause a null exception to be propagated, it does define the way exceptions are propagated:

The catch clauses, if any, are examined in order of appearance to locate a suitable handler for the exception. The first catch clause that specifies the exception type or a base type of the exception type is considered a match. A general catch clause is considered a match for any exception type. [...]

For null, the bold statement is false. So, while purely based on what the C# spec says, we can't say the underlying runtime won't ever throw null, we can be sure that even if that's the case, it'll be only handled by the generic catch {} clause.

For C# implementations on the CLI, we can refer to the ECMA 335 specification. That document defines all exceptions that the CLI throws internally (none of which are null) and mentions that user defined exception objects are thrown by the throw instruction. The description for that instruction is virtually identical to C# throw statement (except that it doesn't restrict the type of the object to System.Exception):

Description:

The throw instruction throws the exception object (type O) on the stack and empties the stack. For details of the exception mechanism, see Partition I.
[Note: While the CLI permits any object to be thrown, the CLS describes a specific exception class that shall be used for language interoperability. end note]

Exceptions:

System.NullReferenceException is thrown if obj is null.

Correctness:

Correct CIL ensures that object is always either null or an object reference (i.e., of type O).

I believe these are sufficient to conclude caught exceptions are never null.

By Mehrdad Afshari. Read the original answer on Stack Overflow.

The correct way in .NET 4.0 is:

if (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(strSearch))

The String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace method used above is equivalent to:

if (strSearch == null || strSearch == String.Empty || strSearch.Trim().Length == 0) 
// String.Empty is the same as ""

Reference for IsNullOrWhiteSpace method

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.string.isnullorwhitespace.aspx

Indicates whether a specified string is Nothing, empty, or consists only of white-space characters.

In earlier versions, you could do something like this:

if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(strSearch) || strSearch.Trim().Length == 0)

The String.IsNullOrEmpty method used above is equivalent to:

if (strSearch == null || strSearch == String.Empty)

Which means you still need to check for your "IsWhiteSpace" case with the .Trim().Length == 0 as per the example.

Reference for IsNullOrEmpty method

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.string.isnullorempty.aspx

Indicates whether the specified string is Nothing or an Empty string.

Explanation:

You need to ensure strSearch (or any variable for that matter) is not null before you dereference it using the dot character (.) - i.e. before you do strSearch.SomeMethod() or strSearch.SomeProperty you need to check that strSearch != null.

In your example you want to make sure your string has a value, which means you want to ensure the string:

• Is not null
• Is not the empty string (String.Empty / "")
• Is not just whitespace

In the cases above, you must put the "Is it null?" case first, so it doesn't go on to check the other cases (and error) when the string is null.

By Matt Mitchell. Read the original answer on Stack Overflow.

You can add ?? Operator so if ?. returns null task use CompletedTask instead.

await (this.MyObject?.MyMethod() ?? Task.CompletedTask)

I would've expected that the call to "MyMethod" would simply not be made if "MyObject" is null.

Thats true. the ?. operator returns null task instead of calling MyMethod. the null reference exception is made because you cant await on null task. The task must be initialized.

By M.kazem Akhgary. Read the original answer on Stack Overflow.

First off, let me point out that "fire and forget" is almost always a mistake in ASP.NET applications. "Fire and forget" is only an acceptable approach if you don't care whether DeleteFooAsync actually completes.

If you're willing to accept that limitation, I have some code on my blog that will register tasks with the ASP.NET runtime, and it accepts both synchronous and asynchronous work.

You can write a one-time wrapper method for logging exceptions as such:

private async Task LogExceptionsAsync(Func<Task> code)
{
  try
  {
    await code();
  }
  catch(Exception exception)
  {
    m_log.Error("Call failed: " + exception.ToString());
  }
}

And then use the BackgroundTaskManager from my blog as such:

BackgroundTaskManager.Run(() => LogExceptionsAsync(() => DeleteFooAsync()));

Alternatively, you can keep TaskScheduler.UnobservedTaskException and just call it like this:

BackgroundTaskManager.Run(() => DeleteFooAsync());

By Stephen Cleary. Read the original answer on Stack Overflow.